Powerloom & handloom textiles
Decentralised weaving where yarn is supplied to loom owners who weave on a rate per metre and return grey fabric, coordinated by traders and master weavers.
Yarn goes out to dozens of small loom units on nothing more than a note. Wastage allowance is customary rather than measured, weaving rates change verbally, and the quantity of yarn outstanding across the network is genuinely unknown at any given moment.
Yarn issued against a challan per loom unit with pending quantity always visible, weaving rates held as an agreement rather than remembered, and wastage recorded against the job so the customary allowance can finally be compared with reality.